Uglogical » Turtles

Mating Season

admin — Fri, 27 Apr 2012 15:00:29 +0000

In the pond in front of my house, during the mating season of the pond cooters, turtle heads are regularly seen in threes or fours. Off and on, for as long as two or three days at a time I have watched groups of these heads with a spotting scope, and while I could see little of what the bearers of the heads were actually doing, it did not seem to involve any very violent strife. The three heads simply stayed together in a restricted patch of water for a day or more at a time, and there were occasional outbreaks of splashing and finally, the back of one of the turtles would come out of the water, indicating that mating was taking place.

A similar thing occurs among the green turtles at their nesting ground on the coast of Costa Rica. Here, too, the observations made have been only in snatches, and whatever subtleties of courtship behavior are carried out have not been seen. But during the early part of the nesting season the turtles mate out in front of the beach a few hundred yards beyond the surf line. For the first week or so of the mating time there are large numbers of courtship groups involving two males and one female. Among sea turtles, mating is a strenuous process. Attempts of the male to mount the back of the female involve a great deal of thrashing and splashing of water. Once the male attains the position on the upper shell of the female, however, he remains firmly anchored by two huge claws on his front flippers which grip the fore edges of her shell, and by a strong horn at the tip of his tail which curls up under the back edge of her shell. The only time male turtles are seen on shore at the nesting ground is when a copulating pair is caught by a breaker and thrown onto the beach.

The courtship of the alligator is noisy and exciting. The bull bellows and exudes musk from glands on the throat and at the sides of the cloaca. When the female approaches, the two of them race about in wild circles, making a big wake that rocks the reeds and sends the fishes flying. The frogs stop singing and the waterfowl scream.

Closely related to courtship is rivalry and combative behavior among males. This sort of strife is not generally disorderly and injurious, but actually may serve a variety of useful purposes. It keeps the race physically on its toes, as it were, weeding out the weaker individuals as breeders. It brings about a distribution of territory, and thus lends order to both the reproductive process and the daily life of the individual. It establishes hierarchies of dominance and submission, and these again contribute harmony by forestalling more harmful untrammeled fighting. And just a courtship does, the fighting may help instigate glandular cycles involved in the mating process.

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The Hazards of Hatching

admin — Sun, 15 Apr 2012 10:25:28 +0000

The protection which the shelled egg gives to the developing embryo is its most obvious contribution to the survival of the species – but scarcely less important is the fact that when it hatches, it lets out into the world a tiny a tiny miniature of an adult, equipped from the beginning to make its own way in its environment. But to reach this perfected state the embryo needs a long period of development in the egg. Turtles like the snappers at left need two to three months; the primitive but specialized New Zealand tuatara needs more than a year. During these long incubations the eggs must be protected from predators and other dangers.

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Amazing Turtles

admin — Fri, 30 Mar 2012 15:20:32 +0000

Times they remain submerged for several hours, extracting sufficient oxygen from the water they pump in and out of their pharynges. Recent studies have revealed their turtles can survive for long periods without taking in any oxygen from the outside.

Turtles are believed to be quite hard of hearing. Although they have well-developed middle and inner ears, and although some have voices, the latest evidence is that they hear only sounds of low frequency. They rely instead on their skins and shells to pick up vibrations from the ground or water. They can live a year or more without eating. Some females, in the most amazing feat of all, can produce fertilized eggs as long as four years after mating.

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Who’s Who in Reptiles

admin — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 04:23:46 +0000

January: Peter Pritchard: Building a distinguished career from a passion for turtles and tortoises.

February: Bob Clark: An albino Burmese python morphed a hobbyist into a professional breeder.

March: Wayne Hill: How one herp breeder single-handedly revolutionized the reptile show scene.

April: Bert Langerwerf: A breeder and his wife assemble one of the country’s top breeding operations.

May: Dick Barlett: Writing, photographing, lecturing and field herping – he does it all.

June: Philippe de Vosjoli: One word says it all – pioneer.

July: Joseph Collins: The Peterson Guide, yes – but there’s more.

August: Douglas Mader: This top herd veterinarian also happens to be an author, lecturer and volunteer.

September: Jon Coote: From teenage zookeeper to international herp fame, he worked his work up.

October: Dana Savorelli: A do-it-yourselfer turns homemade projects into a worldwide business.

November: Kathy Love: From the early days of herpetoculture, she created a famously corny business.

December: Louis Porras: The tale of a bibliophile who started his own herp publishing company.

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The Fierce Alligator

admin — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 13:05:08 +0000

Its respiratory system is better. The nostrils are separated from the mouth by a hard palate. When the alligator swallows a struggling victim there is no danger that a desperate kick will penetrate the roof of its mouth and damage its brain. The alligator has well-developed lungs in comparison to the more primitive saclike structure of snakes. It has the most highly developed brain of any reptile, and is one of the few to have its teeth firmly set in its jaws.

On the other hand, the alligator lacks a well-developed Jacobson’s organ, which means that its ability to detect tastes and odors is not nearly so acute as a snake’s. It has the well-developed digestive system which works so efficiently for all reptiles, but lacks a bladder, although most turtles and lizards have one. Its ammoniac kidney wastes, along with intestinal wastes, pass through a chamber called the cloaca which opens to the outside of the body.

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The Tenacious Turtles

admin — Wed, 05 Jan 2011 06:53:58 +0000

Clumsy object that it is, the shell has helped ensure the survival of the turtles for 175 million years. Today it is still worn by all species, although it has been modified to suit a variety of environments. Sea turtles, for example, have jettisoned much of their shell bone and are among the fastest-moving of modern reptiles. Land turtles have thinned theirs down to make tiptoe locomotion on their elephantine feet less ponderous. Soft-shelled turtles, which live in fresh water, have developed pancake-shaped shells with flexible edges which they use to help bury themselves. Lying hidden in shallow water, waiting for prey, they occasionally crane their long necks to breathe air with their snorkel-like nostrils.

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The “Cold-Blooded” Fraternity

admin — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 02:05:59 +0000

Snakes are clearly derived from some ancient kind of lizard, and the two are put together in the order Squamata. One of the features distinguishing the lizards and snakes from other reptiles is a drastic reduction of bones in the temporal region of the skull, which reaches its extreme among the snakes. Another is that the anal opening in lizards and snakes is transverse, instead of longitudinal as in crocodilians and turtles. Finally, both snakes and lizards have paired copulatory organs, and both have distinctive sets of sensory cells in their mouths, called Jacobson’s organs.

As to differences between snakes and lizards themselves, most lizards can close their eyes, but a snake’s eyes remain permanently open behind a clear covering called the spectacle. The unblinking stare of snakes may account for some of the superstitious fears people have about them. Snakes also generally have a single row of widened scales under the belly, while the scales of lizards tend to be more nearly the same size above and below. Lizards typically have some sort or external ear; snakes have none. In most lizards the tail can be readily shed, evidently as an escape mechanism. In some, the broken-off section snaps and jumps about in an irresponsible way. It is easy to imagine that this allows the rest of the lizard to slip quietly away from the scene while its attacker is preoccupied with the twitching tail. Later, a new tail generally grows again, sometimes lighter in color, with a different scale pattern and shorter than the one that was left behind.

The most obvious difference between typical lizards and snakes, however, is the leglessness of the latter. Although there are lizards that have no legs and that superficially resemble snakes, it is still generally easy to draw the line between the two groups. At the same time, it also is helpful to keep in mind that snakes are really a specialized and quite successful sort of lizard.

Of the two groups of the Squamata, the lizards are of course the older. They have the conventional body plan of a typical land vertebrate: four legs, five toes to a foot, and the sprawling gait of the earliest reptiles. Most of the adaptations that have allowed them to spread and prosper are relatively unspectacular changes in the old four-legged look – exceptions being the various groups in which the legs have been lost completely. As vertebrates, lizards are a fairly representative group and it has been suggested that the lizard would be more suitable as a type with which to introduce freshman biology students to vertebrate anatomy than the universally used frog. Perhaps it sounds cynical to say so, but I think the answer there is that the frog, being tailless, fits dissection pans more gracefully.

In spite of their fundamentally conventional body plan, modern lizards are a diverse lot. They range in length from two inches to 10 feet. They may look like dragons and they may look like worms, and they show a complex adaptive range through terrestrial, arboreal, subterraneous and aquatic environments.

Out at my farm lizards are all over the place on warm days. The large family of the Iguanidae is there, represented by the slender anole that stalks insects on the screens, and by the scaly-backed fence lizards that bask on almost every log or stump. This is, as the name suggests, the group to which the big tropical arboreal and marine iguanas belong, and it includes a host of smaller forms. Its counterpart in the Old World is the family Agamidae, which has a curiously similar structural and ecological spread.

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Feeding Your Iguana

admin — Fri, 09 Jul 2010 13:22:27 +0000

Correct feeding is probably the most important aspect of keeping your iguana in good health, and is also the area in which most problems occur. Iguanas are herbivorous, that is, they eat plants; but they will also devour insects and small rodents in the wild.

Did you Know?

Their large size means adult iguanas have few natural predators, but they are the prey of large snakes, such as boas and anacondas. Baby iguanas are more vulnerable, being preyed on by turtles, large fish, and a variety of mammals and birds.

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Origin of the Turtle’s Shell

admin — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 19:35:52 +0000

The origin of the turtle’s shell has not been convincingly explained to any length or depth. A small reptile now named Eunotosaurus that lived approximately 250 million years ago in the “Permian” age has often been stated and referred to as a probable turtle or turtle based ancestor. It had ribs which were broadened in such a way that suggests it played the role of a rudimentary “shell”. But whatever the beginnings of turtles may have been – then the shell itself is now the mark of the turtle clan.

In spite of the millions of years of evolution that have seen turtles established nearly everywhere on the earth except for the air , with “flying turtles”. the shell itself has been retained and is the most recognizable form and indeed trademark of this group and grouping of type of animals.

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Reptiles

admin — Sat, 06 Dec 2008 13:24:45 +0000

A proper reptile to begin with is a vertebrate animal. It has scales , breathes air , not water, characteristically lays shelled eggs an depends on outside sources for its heat and warmth. There are in the world and on the globe only five main animals that fit into this group and grouping. They are in sequence – turtles , lizards , the snakes the crocodillians and the most strange and odd including a strange little creature called the tuatara , which somehow looks remarkably like a lizard but is not. Indeed tuatara , a native creature of New Zealand is in grave danger of becoming extinct.

In this latest range of geologic history. there are approximately 6,000 species of reptiles scattered around the earth. Though reptiles are most diverse as well as numerous in warmer climes and regions . they range as far northward as well turning up as far north as Sweden, Siberia as well as other colder climates that you would think would not harbor and sustain these creatures. Reptiles as well inhabit desert areas of the planet.

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