Uglogical » Shelled Eggs

Reptiles and Their Young

admin — Wed, 09 May 2012 07:25:44 +0000

Reptiles fertilization is scheduled differently with respect to most species it seems to occur, as might be expected, were laid; but in some the sperm may live on and continue to fertilize eggs months or even years has taken place. The longest known periods of such deferment is four years for the diamondback terrapin of the south years in the case of the tropical American cat-eye snake. It is significant of the three reptiles which venture farthest north, even across the Arctic Circle, two- the European viper and the lizard Lacerta vivipara – bear their young alive. So does the slow worm (Anguis), another venturer into northern regions. The cold ground of those areas, no doubt, is not well suited to incubating eggs. Neither is water, so far as shelled eggs are concerned, which explains why most reptiles with strongly aquatic habits also bear their young alive.

Many of the live-bearing reptiles, however, belong to groups that have egg-laying members too. The skinks, the lacertas, the boids and the vipers are examples. There are even species that lay eggs in some parts of their ranges but bear live young in other parts. This suggests that their viviparity – as the ability to produce live young is called – is not so formal an undertaking as it is in mammals, and this is true. Some reptiles merely keep the eggs inside the body for varying periods up to and after hatching time. In others there are extensive, placentalike connections with the tissues of the maternal oviduct, and is used primarily for respiration. In a more advanced type the embryonic membranes, the chorion and allantois, interfold with maternal tissues and the embryo not only gets water and nourishment as well as oxygen, but conveniently has its excretory wastes taken away too. None of the live-bearing reptiles has dispensed with a big store of yolk as the main source of nourishment for the growing embryo.

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Genus Anelytropsis

admin — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:01:44 +0000

At the time of this writing work is being done to determine if the two similar groups formerly known as Dibamidae and Anelytropsidae should be united. Because they are so similar, I have decided to incorporate them here but will provide descriptions which divide the two genera. Functional limbs absent. Tongue short, slightly nicked, and covered with papillae. Palate toothless. Arches absent. Pelvic and pectoral girdles greatly reduced. Eyes and ears concealed by skin. Teeth few, recurved, conical.

The genus Anelytropsis contains one species, A. papillosus. Interorbital septum and columella cranii well developed. Premaxillary bone single. Osteoderms present. No sign of external limbs. This lizard is fossorial and is found in east-central Mexico. It is a fleshy brown above and yellowish below. It has been caught only a very few times and remains known from a dozen specimens. Its diet is suspected to consist of ants and termites.

Dibamus is a genus of some six species distributed in the East Indies between India and New Guinea. The interorbital septum and columella cranii are absent. Premaxillary paired. Osteoderms absent. Males have vestigial traces of hindlimbs. They are usually an olive drab color. These lizards are very slender bodied, secretive, forest-dwelling fossorial animals. They lay hard-shelled eggs, sometimes in communal sites, and are insect eaters.

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The Miraculous Shelled Egg 2

admin — Fri, 13 Aug 2010 13:42:25 +0000

All the live-bearing reptiles of modern times are lizards and snakes. Turtles and crocodilians produce only eggs, and so does the tuatara. It is significant that of the three reptiles which venture farthest north, even across the Arctic Circle, two – the European viper and the lizard Lacerta vivipara – bear their young alive. So does the slowworm (Anguis), another venturer into northern regions. The cold ground of those areas, no doubt, is not well suited to incubating eggs. Neither is water, so far as shelled eggs are concerned, which explains why most reptiles with strongly aquatic habits also bear their young alive.

Many of the live-bearing reptiles, however, belong to groups that have egg-laying members too. The skinks, the lacertas, the boids and the vipers are examples. There are even species that lay eggs in some parts of their ranges but bear live young in other parts. This suggests that their viviparity – as the ability to produce live young is called – is not so formal an undertaking as it is in mammals, and this is true. Some reptiles merely keep the eggs inside the body, for varying periods up to and after hatching time. In others there are extensive, placentalike connections with the tissues of the maternal oviduct. In one type the yolk sac is merely plastered against the wall of the oviduct, and is used primarily for respiration. In a more advanced type the embryonic membranes,the chorion and allantois, interfold with maternal tissues and the embryo not only gets water and nourishment as well as oxygen, but conveniently has its excretory wastes taken away too. None of the live-bearing reptiles has dispensed with a big store of yolk as the main source nourishment for the growing embryo.

All reptiles practice internal fertilization. In all modern forms except the tuatara the male has an organ kept turned outside in, in the base of the tail, and everted through the opening of the cloaca during erection. In the tuatara the transfer of sperm is accomplished by bringing the genital openings into contact, as in birds. This was probably the method used by the ancestral reptiles – it is clear, in any case, that the penis had separate origin in turtles, crocodilians and mammals on the one hand, and in lizards and snakes on the other.

Thus, male lizards and snakes have not just one, but a pair of hollow structures called hemipenes, which make up their copulatory organs. located as they are in the tail just behind the opening of the cloaca, the hemipenes often give the tail of the male a thicker, more gradually tapering contour than that of the female, and in many species the sexes can be distinguished by this difference. A groove that serves as a channel for the sperm extends from the opening of the sperm ducts along the inner wall (which is the outer wall during erection) of each hemipenis, and the surface may be pleated or set with spines that keep it in place in the oviduct of the female during mating. Either one of the hemipenis may be used, but only one, the one nearest to the female, is everted and protruded from the cloaca during erection, which is brought about by a combination of muscular action and distension of the walls with blood.

Among different reptiles fertilization is scheduled differently with respect to the time of nesting. In most species it seems to occur, as might be expected, just before the eggs are laid; but in some the sperm may live on in the reproductive tract of the female and continue to fertilize eggs months or even years after copulation has taken place. The longest known periods of such deferment of fertilization are four years for the diamond back terrapin of the southern United States, and five years in the case of the tropical American cat-eye snake. The green turtle, which evidently mates only in the sea off the nesting beach, often does so after the female has gone ashore and laid her eggs. Since a given female makes her migration to the nesting ground only once in three, or more turtles.

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Dibamidae

admin — Sat, 02 May 2009 12:30:47 +0000

If two similar groups formerly known as Dibamidae and Anelytropsidae are similar however they do fall into two genera, Functional limbs absent, tongue short, slightly nicked and covered with papillae, palate toothless , arches absent , pelvic and pectorak girdles greatly reduced. Eyes and ears are concealed by ski m. Teeth are few and recurved conical.

The genus Anelytropsis contain one species A. Papillosus Interorbital and columella cranii well developed. Pre maxillary bone single. Osteroderms present. No sign of external limbs. This lizard is fossorial and is found in east-central Mexico. It is fleshy brown above as well as yellow below. It has been caught only a few times and remains known only from a dozen or so specimems. Its diet is suspected to consist mainly of ants and termites.

komodo national park – lizards include 9 skink species (scinidae), geckos (gekkonidae), limbless lizards (dibamidae), and, of course, the monitor lizards (varanidae). frogs include the asian bullfrog (kaloula baleata), oreophyne jeffersoniana and oreophyne …

word of the day (for me): lizard – family dibamidae (blind lizards) infraorder scincomorpha family paramacellodidae family slavoiidae family scincidae (skinks) family cordylidae (spinytail lizards) family gerrhosauridae (plated lizards) family xantusiidae (night lizards) …

and columella crania are absent. Premaxillary paired Osteoderms absent. Males have vestigial traces of “hindlimbs. They are usually an olive drab color. These lizards are usually slender bodies, secretive , forest dwelling fossorial animals. They lay hard shelled eggs, sometimes in communal sites and are insect eaters.

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Reptiles

admin — Sat, 06 Dec 2008 13:24:45 +0000

A proper reptile to begin with is a vertebrate animal. It has scales , breathes air , not water, characteristically lays shelled eggs an depends on outside sources for its heat and warmth. There are in the world and on the globe only five main animals that fit into this group and grouping. They are in sequence – turtles , lizards , the snakes the crocodillians and the most strange and odd including a strange little creature called the tuatara , which somehow looks remarkably like a lizard but is not. Indeed tuatara , a native creature of New Zealand is in grave danger of becoming extinct.

In this latest range of geologic history. there are approximately 6,000 species of reptiles scattered around the earth. Though reptiles are most diverse as well as numerous in warmer climes and regions . they range as far northward as well turning up as far north as Sweden, Siberia as well as other colder climates that you would think would not harbor and sustain these creatures. Reptiles as well inhabit desert areas of the planet.

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