Posts Tagged ‘Lower Jaw’

Helodermatidae

Sunday, September 18th, 2011


Eyelids well developed. Ear exposed. Limbs well developed, pentadactyl, bearing strong claws. Head blunt. The body is stocky and bulky, the tail thick and short. Osteoderms are present. The lower teeth are grooved and venom glands are located in the posterior section of the lower jaw. The scales are non-overlapping, looking like Indian beadwork. The two species are oviparous and are confined to Arizona and western coastal Mexico. These are the only venomous lizards.

The exact nature of the venom is not well known. It is apparently neurotoxic, causing paralysis, but a lethal dosage has not been universally agreed upon. Human fatalities have been few and were probably not attributable solely to the lizard, as the victims were usually well intoxicated by alcohol. In at least one death the nature of the victim, being juvenile, probably didn’t help.

 

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The Gila Monster

Wednesday, November 24th, 2010


The name beaded lizard is a good one, for the non-overlapping scales resemble Indian bead work. The eyes are small and lidded; the ear is externally visible. The tongue is dark and frequently flicked like that of a snake.

The cheek area of these species will appear swollen, as it is here that the poison glands lie. Unlike snakes, the injection mechanism is located in the lower jaw. The poison flows into the lizard’s mouth and seeps into the wound caused by the long teeth. Although the teeth are grooved, they do not effectively conduct the venom flow. Because the actual injection of venom is uncertain, the lizard must hold on to the victim to increase the possibility of injection, instead of simply striking like most poisonous snakes.

While these lizards are generally believed to be slow and lethargic, a Heloderma can turn quite rapidly and secure a good hold on anyone foolish enough to disturb one.

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A Place in the Sun part 2

Saturday, February 6th, 2010


For a better understanding and another opinion of the relationship between what layman call “Iguana delicatissima” and “rhinolopha,” read James D. Lazell Jr., 1973, “The Lizard Genus Iguana in the Lesser Antilles,” Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Volume 145, Number 1. Lazell is satisfied that there are two species, I iguana and I. delicatissima, and further that “rhinolopha” is not a valid species but rather that some iguanas just happen to have horn-like scales on their snouts. Dr. Lazell goes on in this 28-page illustrated dissertation to describe not only the structural features of these animals but also their natural history, and he makes an important point for pet keepers by remarking that he has seen wild iguanas eating birds’ eggs and carrion, but never papaya or citrus fruits.

The name iguana according to the eleventh edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica is derived from the Spanish equivalent of the Carib Indian name for these lizards, iwana. This name – iguana – was applied in 1825 to a fossil of a giant extinct herbivorous reptile, the Iguanodon. The Iguanodon, an extinct contemporary of the dinosaurs, and its modern namesake have in common a peculiar form of tooth, being round at the root and blade-like with serrated edges toward the tip. The teeth are described as pleurodont – that is, they are fastened to the inner surface rather than the top edge of the lower jaw.

This business of systematically classifying iguanas gets sticky,  and with the aim of clarifying  the issue you might want to refer to the informal arrangement in the next chapter. Bear in mind that this chapter is primarily about the true iguana, Iguana iguana, and in passing we will make reference to the dozen or so typical iguanas.

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