Posts Tagged ‘Lizards’

Anolis: One of the Largest Lizard

Sunday, November 20th, 2011


Species of Sauromalus and Dipsosaurus are plant eaters, as opposed to the smaller insect-eating Phrynosoma and Anolis. One of the largest of the lizard genera belongs in this family. Anolis comprises at least three hundred species, most no more than a foot in length. They are most widely distributed in the Caribbean and South America and are generally arboreal. A few forms, such as Anolis allogus and A. aquaticus, are found on rocks near streams, into which they dive at the first sign of danger. The members of this genus are sometimes called chameleons, a name rightfully belonging to an African family only distantly related. Nevertheless, many of these species, and a good many lizards of other genera, have to a small extent the ability to change colors. To this genus, too, belong a good many species with gecko-like toe pads allowing very interesting acrobatic feats.

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Chameleons as Pets

Wednesday, November 16th, 2011


Just be that these lizards have an extremely short life span (though this is unlikely for the larger species). Little field work has been done to determine the natural life, so for now we just don’t know. Nevertheless, chameleons are often kept as pets and will feed on a variety of insect matter and drink plenty of water, until they suddenly cease to live.

The little lizards of the genera Brookesia and Microsaura constitute the rest of the family. Microsaura is probably the largest in size of the two and gives birth to live young. The small chameleons formerly placed in Rhampholeon have considerably smaller tails than their allies, but their habits are similar.

 
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The Lacertids

Saturday, November 12th, 2011


The genus Nucras are very fancifully colored. The body and tail are cylindrical and the limbs short. The genus is African.

The lacertids range from within the Arctic Circle (one species) to the tropics. They coexist with man and dwell in the darkest recesses of Africa. A good many forms are found in Asia on those areas bordering the Indian Ocean. The predominantly European genus Lacerta includes many green forms, probably the reason why people generally regard lizards as “green things.” Lacerta vivipara is a widespread form which gives birth to young in the cooler regions it inhabits, while it lays eggs on the warmer regions. Lacerta ocellata and L. lepida are very colorful members of the group. The latter is the family giant, growing to two feet in length. Most lacertids are carnivorous, but many will also accept plants.

 

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Genus Anelytropsis

Tuesday, November 8th, 2011


At the time of this writing work is being done to determine if the two similar groups formerly known as Dibamidae and Anelytropsidae should be united. Because they are so similar, I have decided to incorporate them here but will provide descriptions which divide the two genera. Functional limbs absent. Tongue short, slightly nicked, and covered with papillae. Palate toothless. Arches absent. Pelvic and pectoral girdles greatly reduced. Eyes and ears concealed by skin. Teeth few, recurved, conical.

The genus Anelytropsis contains one species, A. papillosus. Interorbital septum and columella cranii well developed. Premaxillary bone single. Osteoderms present. No sign of external limbs. This lizard is fossorial and is found in east-central Mexico. It is a fleshy brown above and yellowish below. It has been caught only a very few times and remains known from a dozen specimens. Its diet is suspected to consist of ants and termites.

Dibamus is a genus of some six species distributed in the East Indies between India and New Guinea. The interorbital septum and columella cranii are absent. Premaxillary paired. Osteoderms absent. Males have vestigial traces of hindlimbs. They are usually an olive drab color. These lizards are very slender bodied, secretive, forest-dwelling fossorial animals. They lay hard-shelled eggs, sometimes in communal sites, and are insect eaters.

 

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The Lacertids

Monday, October 31st, 2011


The genus Nucras are very fancifully colored. The body and tail are cylindrical and the limbs short. The genus is African.

The lacertids range from within the Arctic Circle (one species) to the tropics. They coexist with man and dwell in the darkest recesses of Africa. A good many forms are found in Asia both those areas bordering the Indian Ocean. The predominantly European genus Lacerta includes many green forms, probably the reason why people generally regard lizards as “green things.” Lacerta vivipara is a widespread form which gives birth to young in the cooler regions it inhabits, while it lays eggs in the warmer regions. Lacerta ocellata and L. lepida are very colorful members of the group. The latter is the family giant, growing to two feet in length. Most lacertids are carnivorous, but many will also accept plants.

 

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Varanus Rudicollis

Sunday, October 23rd, 2011


The rough-necked monitor of Borneo, Varanus Rudicollis, is easily recognized by the extremely thin snout, long nostril, and enlarged heeled nuchal scales.

Temporal arch is present. Osteoderms are greatly reduced or absent. Scalation is uniformly small and granular. The tail may be spiny or long and whip-like. The family consists of one genus, with nearly 60 varieties, found in Africa (except Madagascar), Asia, and Australia.

These lizards are active predators. They can run, swim, and climb well; many are excellent burrowers. When frightened in the open, they aim at clambering up the nearest vertical object, herpetologists not excepted! These animals are strictly carnivorous and strictly oviparous.

 

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Varanidae

Wednesday, October 19th, 2011


To this group belong the true monitors, the true monitors, the true giants among lizards. The largest living lizard is Varanus komodoensis, the Komodo dragon of Indonesia, while Varanus salvator may be as long, if not as heavy. At the other extreme are Varanus brevicauda and V. gilleni, both of Australia and both under a foot in length. In all monitors there are four powerful limbs equipped with five sharp claws. The eyelids are present and the ear is exposed. The snout and neck are long, as are the teeth. The tongue is long, bifid, and protrusible.

 

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Lanthanotus

Saturday, October 15th, 2011


This acts in the same manner that a snake would, only slower. It is also a fossorial form, having been found underground as often as in water. These lizards are nocturnal beasts, but even then they move very little. Although the eyelids are functional, the lizard almost always elects to view his world through the spectacle in the lower eyelid. The tail appears segmented and is somewhat prehensile; whether or not Lanthanotus climbs is unknown. The color is reddish brown above, while below it is mottled pale orange and yellow.

 

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Ophisaurus Ventralis

Tuesday, October 11th, 2011


Ophisaurus Ventralis, the common glass lizard of the eastern United States, is often bright green in color. There are many limbless forms in this family, including Anguis and Ophisaurus. Ophiodes is a New World limbless form, while the Caribbean Wetmorena has very small, thin limbs.

The alligator lizards, genus Gerrhonotus, have prehensile tails to facilitate climbing. These lizards make excellent pets and can be induced to stand on their hind legs and “beg” as a pet dog would. The galliwasps of the genus Diploglossus may be nearly two feet long. These stocky, skink-like lizards are nearly identical to the smaller Wetmorena, but while the former is pentadactyl, the latter is tetradactyl. The diminutive Sauresia sepsoides is another closely allied form.

The glass “snakes” of the Ophisaurus group have the widest distribution. There are four of five varieties in the United States, one in Europe and Russia, and one in China. The little Ophiodes are similar but have flap-like hind limbs; as these are essentially useless, I refer to the genus above as “limbless.”

 

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Lacerta

Monday, October 3rd, 2011


The typical lizards, whose family name means as much (lacerta is Latin for lizard). The lizards are an Old World family, being particularly abundant in Europe and Africa. Takydromus sexlineatus extends eastward into Southeast Asia. All the genera have limbs. The upper temporal fossa is roofed over or else greatly reduced. Osteoderms may occur on the head. The power of autotomy is present. Teeth hollow at the base. There are about twenty recognized genera.

Takydromus has a typical lacertilian body, but the tail may be several times the length of the head and body. Acanthodactylus has fringes on the toes to help it maneuver in the deserts of Africa and Arabia where it leaves.

 

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