Uglogical

All reptiles practice internal fertilization .  In all modern forms ,   except for the tautara ,  the male has an organ turned outside in , in the base and basal areas of the tail area , and everted through the opening of the cloaca during erection.   In the tautara  the and this transfer of sperm is accomplished by bringing the genital openings into contact as in birds and avian creatures.  Perhaps this is a left over vestigial remnant of dinosaur harbingers.   This of course was probably the means and mechanism as the method used by ancestral reptiles -  it is most clear in any case and cases , that the penis and penises had separate origins in turtles, crocodiles and mammals , on the one hand , and in most lizards and snakes on the other side.

Thus , male lizards as well as snakes , not just one , but indeed a full pair and pairing of what are essentially hollow structures called or referred to as  “hemipenes” ,   which make up what are in effect  “copulatory”  organs .  Located as amazingly they are ,  in the tail areas ,  behind the opening of the cloaca , these hemipenes often give  the tail of the male reptiles , a thicker more gradually  contoured tail than that of the females  .  In many species the sex of the reptile can be distinguished by this difference – which is sometimes rather slight in some.

A “groove”  serves as the channel for the sperm .  This groove extends from the opening of the sperm duct  extends from the opening of the sperm duct along the inner wall  ( which of course serves as the outer wall during the erection period / periods), of the hemipenis,   and the surface may be pleated or set with actual spines which keep it in place in the oviduct of the female during mating.   Either one of the hemipenes may be used , but only one and only one.   The hemipene nearest to the female is everted and protruded  from the cloaca during the erectile period .  This is brought into effect by both a combination and combinations of muscular action and muscular actions  and distension of the very walls with blood and blood fluids.

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