Thursday, March 4th, 2010
The vertebrae are the first bones encountered beyond the skull. The first vertebra is the atlas, so named because it must bear the skull. The second bone is the axis, the pivot point which allows free movement of the head and neck. The hyoid apparatus is in the throat, roughly beneath and in front of these first vertebrae. It may be connected with a vertebra, or it may be a free unit. It protects the windpipe.
The body of the vertebra is called a centrum; the space between centra is the intercentrum. The vertebral centra may be one of two types, either amphicoelous (biconcave) or procoelus (concave anteriorly, convex posteriorly). The backbone runs the entire length of the tail, but should this member be lost, the replacement will be forever devoid of true vertebrae. Along the tail section, when true vertebrae are present, one can locate the plane of autotomy, which is usually a cartilaginous plate before or behind the transverse process of the vertebra.
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Tags: Atlas, Auto Financing, Autotomy, Axis, Backbone, Bones, Centrum, Hyoid Apparatus, Pivot Point, Skeleton, Skull, Transverse Process, Vertebra, Vertebrae, Windpipe, Winnipeg
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Monday, January 26th, 2009
The epidermal coat of lizards is a scaly layer, the scales more than usually overlapping. Because the animals are “pokilothermic” and because they do need not be kept moist, the skin is remarkably devoid of glands. In some species they may be a most fine coat of bead like bony pieces just beneath the skin organ. These are called osteoderms. They may well be fused to the bones of the head. making the skin immovable.
The scales themselves may be smooth or “kneeled”. If they are smooth they will feel like smooth fine leather and even appear to be in state of almost being polished. If they are “keeled” , they indeed may be rough or spiny depending on the species themselves and the specifics of that species.
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