Amniote egg: An egg which contains the embryo in a fluid-filled cavity during development. Such a mechanism is found only in reptiles, birds, and mammals. The membrane which envelopes the cavity is called the amnion.
Arches: Skeletal bridges found in the skull. These arches underlie the region for which they are named. Absent in lizards is the arch formed by the jugal and quadrate bones. This feature is present in the similar tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) of New Zealand. The arch most typically found in lizards is the temporal arch, formed from the squamosal and postorbital bones.
Atlas: The first vertebral segment, articulating directly to the skull at the occipital condyle.
Axis: The second vertebral segment, which is responsible for the movement of the skull.
Columella cranii: Also known as epipterygoid bone, a rodlike pair of thin shafts found on either side of the braincase.
Crepuscular: Active by dusk or dawn.
Diurnal: Active by day.
Fossorial: Being by nature a burrowing animal.
Homeostasis: The metabolic balancing of bodily functions to a normal state of operation. For example, maintenance of body temperature, water retention, etc.
Jacobson’s organ: A paired sensory mechanism found in the roof of the mouth in certain reptiles. Air particles from outside are brought by the tongue to this organ for analysis. It is essentially an extension of the sense of smell.
Lateral fold: The long margin along the body of certain lizards whose skin contains osteoderms, such as Ophisaurus and Gerrhosaurus. The fold region is devoid of osteoderms, allowing bodily growth.
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